Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a worldwide health problem and no eradicative
therapy is currently available. Host T cell immune responses have crucial influences on the …

In this review, we will highlight the importance of cancer germline antigen-specific cytotoxic
CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) and the factors affecting antitumor CTL responses. In light of …

Increasing knowledge of colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) and tumor microenvironment
improves our understanding of cellular mechanisms involved in the immunity against …

T-cells play a major role in host defense mechanisms against many diseases. With the
current growth of immunotherapy approaches, there is a strong need for advanced …

Interferon gamma (IFNγ) supports effector responses of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes
(CTLs) and is a surrogate marker for detection of antigen-specific T cells. Here, we show that …

Antigen-specific T cells can serve as a response biomarker in non-clinical or clinical
immunotherapy studies in autoimmune disease. There are protocols with optimized multimer …

Systemic dissemination of microbes is crucial in infectious disease progression and is
associated with most mortality due to bacterial infection. A critical step in dissemination is …

Bladder carcinoma (BCa) is among the most common carcinomas in the Western world.
Despite the availability of effective therapies, there is currently an urgent need to develop a …

Clinical studies have shown that the upregulation of immunocheckpoints such as PD-1 on
tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) can impair the clinical outcome of cancer patients …