Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically
susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and …

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the consequence of a breach in immune tolerance,
leading to the inability to sufficiently differentiate between self and non-self. Immune …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the T-cell-mediated
destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets. It generally occurs in genetically …

The evidence for an association between coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection, pancreatic islet
autoimmunity, and clinical type 1 diabetes is increasing. Results from prospective cohorts …

Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules is
crucial for eliciting an efficient immune response by CD4+ T cells and maintaining self …

Several human diseases are caused by viruses, including cancer, Type I diabetes,
Alzheimer's disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past, people have suffered greatly …

Autoimmunity is defined by the presence of antibodies and/or T cells directed against self-
components. Although of unknown etiology, autoimmunity commonly is associated with …

Coxsackieviruses B (CVB) are small, non‐enveloped, single‐stranded RNA viruses
belonging to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. They are common …

Metabolic diseases are a group of disorders caused by metabolic abnormalities, including
obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and more. Increasing research indicates …

Among the environmental factors associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), viral infections of
the gut and pancreas has been investigated most intensely, identifying enterovirus infections …