Dental diseases are now viewed as a consequence of a deleterious shift in the balance of
the normally stable resident oral microbiome. It is known that frequent carbohydrate …

Understanding aerobic denitrification has become an important focus of environmental
microbiology. Aerobic denitrification can be performed by various genera of microorganisms …

The characterization of baseline microbial and functional diversity in the human microbiome
has enabled studies of microbiome-related disease, diversity, biogeography, and molecular …

Salivary glands concentrate plasma nitrate into saliva, leading to high nitrate concentrations
that can reach the millimolar range after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Whereas human cells …

The salivary glands actively concentrate plasma nitrate, leading to high salivary nitrate
concentrations (5–8 mM) after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Nitrate is an ecological factor …

The biological nitrogen cycle involves step-wise reduction of nitrogen oxides to ammonium
salts and oxidation of ammonia back to nitrites and nitrates by plants and bacteria. Neither …

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an environmentally important atmospheric trace gas because it is an
effective greenhouse gas and it leads to ozone depletion through photo-chemical nitric …

Nitrite is one of the players in the broad nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. This nitrogen oxo-
anion is involved in key pathways crucial to life on Earth and to the planetary “recycling” of …

Recent insights into the bioactivation and signaling actions of inorganic, dietary nitrate and
nitrite now suggest a critical role for the microbiome in the development of cardiac and …

The tiny radical nitric oxide (NO) participates in a vast number of physiological functions
including vasodilation, nerve transmission, host defence and cellular energetics. Classically …