Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) describes a heterogeneous group of genetic
neurodegenerative diseases characterised by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. The …

Abstract The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide
evidence-based advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health …

Importance The associations of serum folate and vitamin B 12 levels with cardiovascular
outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain unclear. Objective To …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common congenital malformations in
humans affecting the development of the central nervous system. Although NTD …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are severe birth
defects of the central nervous system that originate during embryonic development when the …

With 4 mg folic acid daily, it may take 20 weeks to reach red-blood-cell folate levels between
1050 and 1340 nmol/L, optimal for reduction of the neural tube defect risk. Therefore, folic …

Folate functions as a coenzyme to transfer one‐carbon units that are necessary for
deoxythymidylate synthesis, purine synthesis, and various methylation reactions. Ingested …

Human pesticide exposure can occur both occupationally and environmentally during
manufacture and after the application of indoor and outdoor pesticides, as well as through …

Human structural congenital malformations are the leading cause of infant mortality in the
United States. Estimates from the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention …

Changes in maternal nutrient availability due to diet or disease significantly increase the risk
of neural tube defects (NTDs). Because the incidence of metabolic disease continues to rise …