BACKGROUND Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropics have a profound influence on
the climate system. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is spawned in the tropical …

Groundwater plays a vital role in food security, water availability, and economic growth of
more than 1.3 billion people in India. Notwithstanding the development of irrigation schemes …

Socioeconomic challenges continue to mount for half a billion residents of central India
because of a decline in the total rainfall and a concurrent rise in the magnitude and …

ENSO induces coherent climate anomalies over the Indo-western Pacific, but these
anomalies outlast SST anomalies of the equatorial Pacific by a season, with major effects on …

The Indian summer monsoon is an integral part of the global climate system. As its seasonal
rainfall plays a crucial role in India's agriculture and shapes many other aspects of life, it …

The depletion of groundwater resources threatens food and water security in India.
However, the relative influence of groundwater pumping and climate variability on …

Air pollution in many of India's cities exceeds national and international standards, and
effective pollution control strategies require knowledge of the sources that contribute to air …

The South Asian summer monsoon is a complex coupled human‐natural system that poses
unique challenges for understanding its evolution alongside increasing anthropogenic …

Climate extremes have profound implications for urban infrastructure and human society, but
studies of observed changes in climate extremes over the global urban areas are few, even …

Drought characteristics for the Indian monsoon region are analyzed using two different
datasets and standard precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation …