Obesity and type 2 diabetes have both been associated with increased cancer risk and are
becoming increasingly prevalent. Metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and …

The six members of the family of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs)
were originally characterized as passive reservoirs of circulating IGFs, but they are now …

Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are well known as key regulators of energy
metabolism and growth. There is now considerable evidence that these hormones and the …

In mammals, the insulin receptor (IR) gene has acquired an additional exon, exon 11. This
exon may be skipped in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. The IR, therefore …

The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signalling pathway has important roles in regulating
cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Converging results from epidemiological research and …

Insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for growth and survival that suppress
apoptosis and promote cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastatic activities in …

IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling and functions are mediated through the activities of a
complex molecular network of positive (eg., type I IGF) and negative (eg., the type II IGF …

Abstract Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and insulin have potent
growth-promoting and anabolic actions. Their potential involvement in tumor promotion and …

In recent years, the influence of the IGF system and insulin on cancer growth has been
widely studied. Observational human studies have reported increased cancer mortality in …

Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of cancer in people with type 2
diabetes (T2DM) and obesity, related in part to hyperinsulinemia, secondary to insulin …