The discovery of CD4+ T cell subset–defining master transcription factors and framing of the
Th1/Th2 paradigm ignited the CD4+ T cell field. Advances in in vivo experimental systems …

Lineage-committed effector CD4+ T cells are generated at the peak of the primary response
and are followed by heterogeneous populations of central and effector memory cells. Here …

Activation of naive CD8 T cells to undergo clonal expansion and develop effector function
requires three signals:(a) Ag,(b) costimulation, and (c) IL-12 or adjuvant. The requirement for …

It is thought that immunity depends on naïve CD4 T cells that proliferate in response to
microbial antigens,,,, differentiate into memory cells that produce anti-microbial …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the CNS thought to require an environmental
trigger. Gut dysbiosis is common in MS, but specific causative species are unknown. To …

Abstract During LCMV infection, CD8+ T cells expand greatly. Bystander activation has been
thought to play a role because few cells score as LCMV specific in limiting dilution analysis …

Physical detection of antigen-specific CD4 T cells has revealed features of the in vivo
immune response that were not appreciated from in vitro studies. In vivo, antigen is initially …

T cell receptor engagement in the absence of proper accessory signals leads to T cell
anergy. E3 ligases are involved in maintaining the anergic state. However, the specific …

The adaptive immune system can generate distinct classes of responses, but the
mechanisms that determine this are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that …

In this study, we compared the proliferation and differentiation of Ag-specific CD4 and CD8 T
cells following Listeria infection. Our results show that CD4 T cells responding to infection …