Simple Summary The environment receives different sources of pollutants, resulting from
human industrial pollution as well as activities. This review updates and focuses the light on …

A systematic review of parasites, pathogens and commensals of freshwater crayfish has
been conducted. All major groups of disease causing agents have been covered including …

The possible effects of changing climate on a southern and a north-eastern English river (the
Thames and the Yorkshire Ouse, respectively) were examined in relation to water and …

The deep-sea environment is a sink for a wide variety of contaminants including heavy
metals and organic compounds of anthropogenic origin. Life history traits of many deep …

Defence mechanisms of fish can be divided into specific and non-specific that act in concert
and are often interdependent. Most fish in both wild and cultured populations are vulnerable …

Most individual fish in wild and farmed populations can be infected with parasites. Fish
intestines can harbour protozoans, myxozoans and helminths, which include several …

Helminth infections within tissues tend to be subjected to a host response that can include
encapsulation and melanization to isolate the parasite. The effectiveness of this response …

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a class of organohalogen compounds where the
hydrogen atom on the carbazole ring is replaced by a halogen atom. In recent years, PHCZs …

Taxonomists, ecologists, geneticists or researchers from other biological fields who wish to
adopt fish as a constituent of their studies often become discouraged when they find that …

There is growing awareness that a range of environmental chemicals target the immune
system of fish and may compromise the resistance towards infectious pathogens. Existing …