Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Abstract The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a
forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have already substantially improved
the outcomes of patients with many types of cancer, although only 20–40% of patients derive …

Severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur in up to 60% of patients with
melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, it is unknown whether …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

Immune checkpoint therapy via PD-1 antibodies has shown exciting clinical value and
robust therapeutic potential in clinical practice. It can significantly improve progression-free …

The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a
central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science …

Neoantigens arise from mutations in cancer cells and are important targets of T cell-
mediated anti-tumor immunity. Here, we report the first open-label, phase Ib clinical trial of a …

Over the past few years, the NCCN Guidelines for Melanoma: Cutaneous have been
expanded to include pathways for treatment of microscopic satellitosis (added in v2. 2020) …

Cutaneous melanoma remains the most lethal of the primary cutaneous neoplasms, and
although the incidence of primary melanoma continues to rise, the mortality from metastatic …