In the coming years and decades, advanced space-and ground-based observatories will
allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially …

Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

Abstract The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer the first opportunity to
characterize terrestrial exoplanets with sufficient precision to identify high mean molecular …

The early Earth's environment is controversial. Climatic estimates range from hot to glacial,
and inferred marine pH spans strongly alkaline to acidic. Better understanding of early …

We have developed an online radiative-transfer suite (https://psg. gsfc. nasa. gov) applicable
to a broad range of planetary objects (eg, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, TNOs, KBOs …

We describe how environmental context can help determine whether oxygen (O2) detected
in extrasolar planetary observations is more likely to have a biological source. Here we …

A long-term goal of exoplanet studies is the identification and detection of biosignature
gases. Beyond the most discussed biosignature gas O2, only a handful of gases have been …

Observations of exoplanet atmospheres have shown that aerosols, like in the solar system,
are common across a variety of temperatures and planet types. The formation and …

The TRAPPIST-1 planetary system provides an unprecedented opportunity to study
terrestrial exoplanet evolution with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and ground …

The widespread presence of ribonucleic acid (RNA) catalysts and cofactors in the Earth′ s
biosphere today suggests that RNA was the first biopolymer to support Darwinian evolution …