Small teleost fish such as zebrafish and medaka are increasingly studied as models for
human skeletal diseases. Efficient new genome editing tools combined with advances in the …

The development of a tooth germ in a precise size, shape, and position in the jaw, involves
meticulous regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Apoptosis, as the most common …

Ontogenetic variation is documented within many dinosaur species, but extreme ontogenetic
changes are rare among dinosaurs, particularly among theropods. Here, we analyze 19 …

This chapter will cover clade definitions, the relationships within clades as well as the
occasional controversial relationships between different clades. Phylogenies arising from a …

Squamates present a unique challenge to the homology and evolution of tooth attachment
tissues. Their stereotypically pleurodont teeth are fused in place by a single “bone of …

Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results
in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Despite scientific …

In utero, baleen whales initiate the development of several dozens of teeth in upper and
lower jaws. These tooth germs reach the bell stage and are sometimes mineralized, but …

Tooth number anomalies, including hyperdontia and hypodontia, are common congenital
dental problems in the dental clinic. The precise number of teeth in a dentition is essential …

Sauropodomorphs are the most abundant and diverse clade of Triassic dinosaurs, but the
taxonomy of their earliest (Carnian) representatives is still poorly understood. One such …

Electrospinning has been employed extensively in tissue engineering to generate
nanofibrous scaffolds from either natural or synthetic biodegradable polymers. Three …