Conduct disorder (CD) is a common and highly impairing psychiatric disorder that usually
emerges in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by severe antisocial and …

Conduct disorder is a childhood behaviour disorder that is characterized by persistent
aggressive or antisocial behaviour that disrupts the child's environment and impairs his or …

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol are the most abundant hormones of the
human fetal and adult adrenals released as end products of a tightly coordinated endocrine …

Recent research shows that blunted cardiovascular and cortisol reactions to acute
psychological stress are associated with adverse behavioural and health outcomes …

BACKGROUND: Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that early-life stress
such as physical maltreatment has long-lasting effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal …

Background The developmental taxonomic theory proposes that there are two subtypes of
antisocial behaviour. The first is a neurodevelopmental disorder which emerges in early …

Abstract Information on the neurobiology of empathy and callousness provides clinicians
with an opportunity to develop sophisticated understanding of mechanisms underpinning …

Objective: The developmental taxonomic theory proposes that neurodevelopmental factors
play a critical role in the etiology of early-onset conduct disorder, whereas adolescent-onset …

BackgroundChildhood adverse experiences are known to induce persistent changes in the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to stress. However, the mechanisms by …

BACKGROUND: Although conduct disorder (CD) is associated with an increased
susceptibility to substance use disorders, little is known about decision-making processes or …