N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a pivotal role in the synaptic transmission
and synaptic plasticity thought to underlie learning and memory. NMDARs activation has …

Developing networks follow common rules to shift from silent cells to coactive networks that
operate via thousands of synapses. This review deals with some of these rules and in …

Glutamate acts on postsynaptic glutamate receptors to mediate excitatory communication
between neurons. The discovery that additional presynaptic glutamate receptors can …

As it was established that aging is not associated with massive neuronal loss, as was
believed in the mid‐20th Century, scientific interest has addressed the influence of aging on …

Until recently, the study of plasticity of neural circuits focused almost exclusively on
potentiation and depression at excitatory synapses on principal cells. Other elements in the …

Metaplasticity refers to the activity-dependent modification of the ability of synapses to
undergo subsequent potentiation or depression, and is thought to maintain homeostasis of …

Experience-dependent modifications of neural circuits and function are believed to heavily
depend on changes in synaptic efficacy such as LTP/LTD. Hence, much effort has been …

Many cortical synapses exhibit spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in which the
precise timing of presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes induces synaptic strengthening [long …

Ubiquitous forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) are caused by
enduring increases or decreases in neurotransmitter release. Such forms or presynaptic …

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are transmembrane proteins that are activated by
the neurotransmitter glutamate and are found at most excitatory vertebrate synapses …