The last decade has seen a significant growth of our knowledge of the Neandertals, a
population of Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who lived in (western) Eurasia between∼ …

During the last decades, Raman spectroscopy has grown from research laboratories to a
well-established approach that is increasingly often used in archaeometry and conservation …

Birch tar is the oldest synthetic substance made by early humans. The earliest such artefacts
are associated with Neanderthals. According to traditional interpretations, their study allows …

Abstract Africa's Middle Stone Age preserves sporadic evidence for novel behaviours
among early modern humans, prompting a range of questions about the influence of social …

An adhesive is any substance that bonds different materials together. This broad definition
includes materials used in everything from hafted stone tools to monumental architecture. In …

Hafting of stone tools was an important advance in the technology of the Paleolithic.
Evidence of hafting in the Middle Paleolithic is growing and is not limited to points hafted on …

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has emerged as one of the most powerful analytical tools
available to archaeologists. It has been used to document site formation processes and …

There are multiple hypotheses for human responses to glacial cycling in the Late
Pleistocene, including changes in population size, interconnectedness, and mobility. Lithic …

In the Stone Age, the collection of specific rocks was the first step in tool making. Very little is
known about the choices made during tool-stone acquisition. Were choices governed by the …

Abstract Middle Stone Age (MSA) technologies first appear in the archaeological records of
northern, eastern and southern Africa during the Middle Pleistocene epoch. The absence of …