In the tropical stratosphere, deep layers of eastward and westward winds encircle the globe
and descend regularly from the upper stratosphere to the tropical tropopause. With a …

The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is the transition region between the well-mixed
convective troposphere and the radiatively controlled stratosphere with air masses showing …

This paper describes stratospheric waves in ERA5 and evaluates the contributions of
different types of waves to the driving of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Because of its …

We analyze the stratospheric waves in models participating in phase 1 of the Stratosphere–
troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation …

Abstract Rainfall over tropical South America is known to be modulated by convectively
coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs). In this work, the origin and dynamical features of South …

As the most dominant variability of the tropical stratospheric zonal winds on the interannual
timescale, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) has a significant impact on weather and …

In February 2016, the descent of the westerly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)
was unprecedentedly disrupted by the development of easterly winds. Previous studies …

In January 2020, unexpected easterly winds developed in the downward-propagating
westerly quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) phase. This event corresponds to the second QBO …

The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the stratospheric tropical winds influences the global
circulation over a wide range of latitudes and altitudes. Although it has strong effects on …

Gravity waves are important drivers of dynamic processes in particular in the middle
atmosphere. To analyse atmospheric data for gravity wave signals, it is essential to separate …