The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first
identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in …

Atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and peripheral
artery disease continue to be leading causes of death worldwide despite the success of …

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a complex molybdoflavoenzyme, present in milk and
many other tissues, which has been studied for over 100 years. While it is generally …

The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular physiology and pathology is
becoming increasingly evident. All cell types in the vascular wall produce ROS derived from …

Diabetes is characterized by high glucose concentrations that lead, via several mechanisms
(glucose autoxidation, stimulation of the polyol pathway, activation of the reduced form of …

The origin of diseases of multifactorial nature is being understood now due to vitiation in the
basic homeostatic balance phenomenon in the body. A majority of disease conditions like …

During phagocytosis, gp91 phox, the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase,
becomes activated to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants. Currently …

Apocynin is a naturally occurring methoxy‐substituted catechol, experimentally used as an
inhibitor of NADPH‐oxidase. It can decrease the production of superoxide (O 2−) from …

There is evidence in humans that hypertension and aging similarly impair endothelial
function, although the mechanism remains unclear. Superoxide anion (O2−) is a major …

and how they produce superoxide is not well understood. It is clear, however, that the
vascular NAD (P) H oxidase is responsive to hormones, metabolic factors, and mechanical …