Arctic amplification (AA)—referring to the enhancement of near-surface air temperature
change over the Arctic relative to lower latitudes—is a prominent feature of climate change …

Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole (AP hereafter) and Third Pole (Tibetan Plateau,
TP hereafter) can trigger a series of climate responses and have global consequences …

Warming in the Arctic has been much faster than the rest of the world in both observations
and model simulations, a phenomenon known as the Arctic amplification (AA) whose cause …

The concept of feedback is key in assessing whether a perturbation to a system is amplified
or damped by mechanisms internal to the system. In polar regions, climate dynamics are …

The greatest impacts of climate change on ecosystems, wildlife and humans often arise from
extreme events rather than changes in climatic means. Northern high latitudes, including the …

Arctic Amplification is robustly seen in climate model simulations of future warming and in
the paleoclimate record. Here, we focus on the past century of observations. We show that …

Climate change is amplified in the Arctic region. Arctic amplification has been found in past
warm and glacial periods, as well as in historical observations, and climate model …

This chapter assesses the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and
uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches. The …

The areal extent, concentration and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent
seas have strongly decreased during the recent decades, but cold, snow-rich winters have …

The Arctic has seen rapid sea-ice decline in the past three decades, whilst warming at about
twice the global average rate. Yet the relationship between Arctic warming and sea-ice loss …