Currently, metformin is the first-line medication to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in
most guidelines and is used daily by> 200 million patients. Surprisingly, the mechanisms …

Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and in 2022 remains the
first-choice drug used daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of …

Metformin is a first-line therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to its robust glucose-
lowering effects, well-established safety profile, and relatively low cost. While metformin has …

Despite its position as the first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the
mechanisms underlying the plasma glucose level-lowering effects of metformin (1, 1 …

Oncogenic mutations in KRAS drive common metabolic programmes that facilitate tumour
survival, growth and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer …

Metformin is a widely used biguanide drug due to its safety and low cost. It has been used
for over 60 years to treat type 2 diabetes at the early stages because of its outstanding ability …

Metformin is the most commonly used treatment to increase insulin sensitivity in insulin-
resistant (IR) conditions such as diabetes, prediabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and …

Since the discovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central regulator of energy
homeostasis, many exciting insights into its structure, regulation and physiological roles …

Noncommunicable diseases are chronic diseases that contribute to death worldwide, but
these diseases can be prevented and mitigated with regular exercise. Exercise activates …

Cells constantly adapt their metabolism to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient
availability. Eukaryotes have evolved a very sophisticated system to sense low cellular ATP …