Diagnostic classification tests are designed to assess examinees' discrete mastery status on
a set of skills or attributes. Such tests have gained increasing attention in educational and …

This article reviews several implementation aspects in estimating regularized single-group
and multiple-group structural equation models (SEM). It is demonstrated that approximate …

With the emergence of intelligent educational systems, numerous research works are
dedicated to Knowledge Tracing (KT), which refers to the issue of diagnosing students' …

In the 1930s, Psychologists began developing Multiple-Factor Analysis to decompose
multivariate data into a small number of interpretable factors without any a priori knowledge …

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are useful statistical tools in cognitive diagnosis
assessment. However, as many other latent variable models, the CDMs often suffer from the …

Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) are latent variable models developed to infer latent
skills, knowledge, or personalities that underlie responses to educational, psychological …

Latent class models have wide applications in social and biological sciences. In many
applications, prespecified restrictions are imposed on the parameter space of latent class …

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) allow classifying respondents into a set of discrete
attribute profiles. The internal structure of the test is determined in a Q-matrix, whose correct …

Restricted latent class models (RLCMs) have recently gained prominence in educational
assessment, psychiatric evaluation, and medical diagnosis. In contrast to conventional latent …

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are an important psychometric framework for classifying
students in terms of attribute and/or skill mastery. The QQ matrix, which specifies the …