Understanding the formation of impact craters on planetary surfaces has fundamental
importance in geology, impact dynamics, and planetary sciences. The finite element …

The bird impact process of civil aircraft mostly occurs in the takeoff and landing phases. The
movement speed of the aircraft in these phases belong to the category of low and medium …

The minimum velocity (v) for impact ejecta to form secondary craters (secondaries) remains
enigmatic, but it is a crucial parameter in untangling the fate of impact ejecta on planetary …

The shapes and volumes of crater forms have been determined using 3-D laser scan data
acquired following the hypervelocity impact of rock. Forty-four shots (23 sedimentary targets …

Understanding the ejecting behavior of granular materials under impact conditions is of vital
important for the asteroid sampling and defense. During the impact and penetration stages …

This study developed a numerical model based on the discrete element method to
investigate the characteristics of a granular slope-cushion layer during collision. The model …

We present the results of a series of laboratory low-speed impacts (< 4 ms− 1) of centimeter-
sized spherical projectiles into simulated dry and icy regolith samples. The target material …

Abstract Space exploration studies over the previous decades have shown that there are
various impact craters on planetary surfaces. At present, it is generally believed that the …

Impact cratering is a process which occurs across our solar system, influencing the
development of terrestrial surfaces. Primary craters are formed from impacts at …

This work is a theoretical study of the speed at which the material of an impacted target is
ejected during the formation of an impact crater. Our model, starting from the first principle of …