The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
(NRF2) pathway plays a physiologic protective role against xenobiotics and reactive oxygen …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is attracting increasing attention because of its role as a
gasotransmitter with cytoprotective and homeostatic properties. Carbon monoxide releasing …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is increasingly being accepted as a cytoprotective and homeostatic
molecule with important signalling capabilities in physiological and pathophysiological …

The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for
the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital …

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into
equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive …

The heme oxygenases, which consist of constitutive and inducible isozymes (HO-1, HO-2),
catalyze the rate-limiting step in the metabolic conversion of heme to the bile pigments (ie …

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generated endogenously or in response to
environmental stress have long been implicated in tissue injury in the context of a variety of …

Over the last decade, studies have unraveled many aspects of endogenous production and
physiological functions of carbon monoxide (CO). The majority of endogenous CO is …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is generated in living organisms during the degradation of heme by
the enzyme heme oxygenase, which exists in constitutive (HO-2 and HO-3) and inducible …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is continuously produced in mammalian cells during the
degradation of heme. It is a stable gaseous molecule that reacts selectively with transition …