Systematic research on the physiological and anatomical characteristics of spinal cord
interneurons along with their functional output has evolved for more than one century …

Locomotor training is a classic rehabilitation approach utilized with the aim of improving
sensorimotor function and walking ability in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent …

Most of our knowledge about the human spinal ascending (sensory) and descending
(motor) pathways comes from non-invasive electrophysiological investigations. However …

The spinal cord is important for sensory guidance and execution of skilled movements. Yet
its role in human motor learning is not well understood. Despite evidence revealing an …

To maintain balance during dynamic locomotion, the effects of proprioceptive sensory
feedback control (eg reflexive control) should not be ignored because of its simple sensation …

Together with the nociceptive system, pain protects the body from tissue damage. For
instance, when the RIII-reflex is evoked by sural nerve stimulation, nociceptive inputs …

Locomotion requires the continuous integration of descending motor commands and
sensory inputs from the legs by spinal central pattern generator circuits. Modulation of spinal …

Recent studies have shown that afferents arising from muscle receptors located on one side
can affect the activity of muscles on the contralateral side. In animal preparations, evidence …

Inter-limb reflexes play an important role in coordinating behaviors involving different limbs.
Previous studies have demonstrated that human elbow muscles express an inter-limb …

The vestibular system is essential to produce adequate postural responses enabling
voluntary movement. However, how the vestibular system influences corticospinal output …