The study of gender differences in academic achievement has been one of the core topics in
education, especially because it may uncover possible gaps and inequalities in certain …

This study systematically reviews literature on assessment instruments of primary and
secondary school students' ICT literacy. It has three objectives:(1) Describe the development …

Self-efficacy is an important concept for understanding learning and achievement. The
concept covers students' self-confidence and their expectations for future performance …

Abstract Information and communication technology (ICT) literacy represents an essential
skill for adolescents to efficiently participate in a modern society. Previous research reported …

Digital inequality is one of the most critical issues in the “information age”, few studies have
examined the social inequality in information resources and digital use patterns. In the rural …

This meta-analysis synthesized the relation between measures of socioeconomic status
(SES) and students' information and communication technology (ICT) literacy—a skillset that …

Computer-based assessment can provide new insights into behavioral processes of task
completion that cannot be uncovered by paper-based instruments. Time presents a major …

This paper addresses digital diversity among upper secondary students. Since 2006 digital
skills and competence has been embedded as key competence in the Norwegian national …

Individuals' computer skills have long been noteworthy for both education and the labor
market. Although the support provided through curricula in schools develops these skills to a …

The Internet offers readers the unique opportunity to access rich information scenarios, but
doing so requires the use of advanced digital reading skills. Examples of such scenarios are …