The composition of modern semiconductor heterostructures can be controlled precisely on
the atomic scale to create low-dimensional systems. These systems have revolutionised …

Reviews the transport properties of electrons in semiconductor heterojunction structures, in
which the degrees of freedom for motion of the charge carriers are reduced by confining …

Publisher Summary Quantum transport is conveniently studied in a two-dimensional
electron gas (2DEG) because of the combination of a large Fermi wavelength and large …

We have studied the electron transport in a one-dimensional electron interferometer. It
consists of a disk-shaped two-dimensional electron gas, to which quantum point contacts …

Structures in which electrons are confined to move in two dimensions (quantum wells) have
led to new physical discoveries and technological applications. Modification of these …

An exactly soluble model for a two-dimensional ring is proposed. Using this model, we have
obtained analytically the energy spectrum and wavefunctions for a ring in the presence of a …

The authors review conductance effects in small samples at low temperatures where
quantum confinement and quantum interference are significant perturbations on the …

Electronic topological phases are typified by the conducting surface states that exist on the
boundary of an insulating three-dimensional bulk. While the transport response of the two …

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is commonly believed to be a typical feature of the motion of a
charged particle interacting with the electromagnetic vector potential. Here we present a …

Recent experiments on metallic and semiconductor nanostructures have shown that
ultrasmall devices have to be viewed as microwave networks rather than as ordinary circuit …