Mosquito-borne diseases are associated with major global health burdens. Aedes spp. and
Culex spp. are primarily responsible for the transmission of the most medically important …

Insects lack an acquired immune system and rely solely on the innate immune system to
combat microbial infection. The innate immunity of insects mainly depends on the interaction …

Honeybee gut microbiota plays an important role in host physiology and metabolism. Recent
studies have shown that the influence of the resident microorganisms in the regulation of …

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Toll signaling pathway has an evolutionarily
conserved role in controlling immune responses. Whereas the microbial recognition …

The sexes show profound differences in responses to infection and the development of
autoimmunity. Dimorphisms in immune responses are ubiquitous across taxa, from …

From flies to humans, many components of the innate immune system have been conserved
during metazoan evolution. This foundational observation has allowed us to develop …

Male-female differences in many developmental mechanisms lead to the formation of two
morphologically and physiologically distinct sexes. Although this is expected for traits with …

Recent advances in next generation sequencing (NGS)(eg metagenomic and transcriptomic
sequencing) have facilitated the discovery of a large number of new insect viruses, but the …

Male and female animals exhibit differences in infection outcomes. One possible source of
sexually dimorphic immunity is the sex-specific costs of immune activity or pathology, but …

To identify candidate bacteria associated with aging, we performed fecal microbiota
sequencing in young, middle-aged and older adults, and found lower Bifidobacterium …