During the most recent decades increased interest in fuel from biomass in the United States
and worldwide has emerged each time petroleum derived gasoline registered well …

The general phenylpropanoid metabolism generates an enormous array of secondary
metabolites based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway as the core unit. The …

Lignin is the generic term for a large group of aromatic polymers resulting from the oxidative
combinatorial coupling of 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoids (Boerjan et al., 2003; Ralph et al …

“Second generation” bioethanol, with lignocellulose material as feedstock, is a promising
alternative for first generation bioethanol. This paper provides an overview of the current …

Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology have made it possible
to rapidly screen plant material and discern whole cell wall information without the need to …

The primary aim of modern biorefineries is the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic
materials into valuable products. Sugars and oils can be converted into valuable chemicals …

Altering the content or composition of the cell wall polymer lignin is a favored approach to
valorize lignin toward biomaterial and chemical production in the biorefinery. However …

To characterize the lignin structures and lignin–carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages,
milled wood lignin (MWL) and mild acidolysis lignin (MAL) with a high content of associated …

The processes underlying lignification, which for many years have been the near-exclusive
purview of chemists and biochemists, have more recently been approached using both …

Lignification of cell wall appositions is a conserved basal defense mechanism in the plant
innate immune response. However, the genetic pathway controlling defense-induced …