Stem-cell-mediated bone repair has been used in clinical trials for the regeneration of large
craniomaxillofacial defects, to slow the process of bone degeneration in patients with …

Ectopic bone formation is a unique biologic entity—distinct from other areas of skeletal
biology. Animal research models of ectopic bone formation most often employ rodent …

Embryonic development is controlled by a small set of signal transduction pathways, with
vastly different phenotypic outcomes depending on the time and place of their recruitment …

Vascularization is critical for skull development, maintenance, and healing. Yet, there
remains a significant knowledge gap in the relationship of blood vessels to cranial skeletal …

Clinically available sources of bone for repair and reconstruction are limited by the
accessibility of autologous grafts, infectious risks of cadaveric materials, and durability of …

Repair of large calvarial bony defect remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Since
microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate the osteogenesis of osteoprogenitor cells, we aimed to …

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the pathologic development of ectopic bone in soft tissues
because of a local or systemic inflammatory insult, such as burn injury or trauma. In HO …

Customised implants manufacture has always presented difficulties which result in high cost
and complex fabrication, mainly due to patients' anatomical differences. The solution has …

Background: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are a robust, multipotent cell source.
They are easily harvested and exhibit promise in a variety of regenerative applications. The …

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) have been used as an alternative to bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) for bone tissue engineering. However, the efficacy of ASC …