There is an art and science to performing mouse anesthesia, which is a significant
component to animal research. Frequently, anesthesia is one vital step of many over the …

Simple Summary Wild mice live in territories inhabited by one adult male, several females,
and their offspring. This cannot be replicated in the laboratory, so male mice are usually …

Thermoregulation is one of the most vital functions of the brain, but how temperature
information is converted into homeostatic responses remains unknown. Here, we use an …

Background Despite the twofold higher prevalence of major depressive and posttraumatic
stress disorders in women compared with men, most clinical and preclinical studies have …

The primary objective of preclinical pain research is to improve the treatment of pain.
Decades of research using pain-evoked tests has revealed much about mechanisms but …

In humans, infancy and adolescence are associated with major changes in synaptic
functions and ongoing maturation of neural networks, which underlie the major behavioral …

The deficit in cerebral blood flow (CBF) seen in patients with hypertension-induced vascular
dementia is increasingly viewed as a therapeutic target for disease-modifying therapy …

This chapter provides an introduction to animals that are commonly used for research. It
presents information on basic care topics such as biology, behavior, housing, feeding …

With the advent of transgenic and other genetic engineering technologies, the versatility and
usefulness of the mouse as a model in biomedical research has soared. Revised to reflect …

Women are twice as likely to experience depression than men, yet until recently, preclinical
studies in rodents have focused almost exclusively on males. As interest in sex differences …