Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) are smart material transducers that bend in
response to low-voltage stimuli and generate voltage in response to bending. IPMCs are …

Recently, attempts have been made to develop ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC),
which is garnering growing interest for ionic artificial muscle, as a soft actuator and sensor …

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) consist of an electroactive polymeric membrane
plated with metal electrodes. They hold promise as actuators and sensors for soft robotics …

Hard-magnetic soft materials (HMSMs) manufactured by embedding hard-magnetic particles
in soft materials belong to a new type of soft active materials. The abilities of fast and …

In this article, we present recent advancements in Ionic Polymer‐Metal Composite (IPMC)
technology. The current trajectory of the research shows immense promise for a future with …

In this paper, we report the development of tailored 3D-structured (engineered) polymer-
metal interfaces to create enhanced'engineered ionic polymer metal composite'(eIPMC) …

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are smart materials that exhibit large deformation in
response to small applied voltages, and conversely generate detectable electrical signals in …

The pH-sensitive hydrogels are a unique class of three-dimensional hydrophilic polymers
containing ionic pendant groups on their polymeric network. In response to the external pH …

In the field of soft robotics, ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have shown great
promise in the advancement of bioinspired actuators and sensors. Their affinity for use in …

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) were discovered about twenty five years ago by
Prof. Oguro and his team in Japan [1], and evidence about metalizing ionomer membranes …