The original rationale for proton therapy was its highly conformal depth‐dose distributions
compared to photons, which allow greater sparing of normal tissues and escalation of tumor …

It is well known that radiation therapy causes lymphopenia in patients and that this is
correlated with a negative outcome. The mechanism is not well understood because …

Background We investigated differences in radiation-induced grade 3+ lymphopenia (G3+
L), defined as an absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) nadir of< 500 cells/µL, after proton …

Immunotherapy is known to be clinically beneficial for cancer patients and in many cases
represents the new standard of care. Because of this success, the interest in integrating …

Purpose Emerging evidence suggests a detrimental prognostic association between
radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) and pathologic response, progression-free survival …

Recent reports have shown that very high dose rate radiation (35–100 Gy/second) referred
to as FLASH tends to spare the normal tissues while retaining the therapeutic effect on …

Purpose Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is the result of direct toxicity to circulating
lymphocytes as they traverse the irradiated field, occurs in 40% to 70% of patients who …

Introduction Lymphopenia after radiotherapy has an adverse effect on the patient's outcome.
However, the relationship between radiotherapy dose delivery and lymphopenia is not fully …

There is now strong clinical and preclinical evidence that lymphocytes, for example, CD8+ T
cells, are key effectors of immunotherapy and that irradiation of large blood vessels, the …

Background: The safe use of radiotherapy (RT) requires compliance with dose/volume
constraints (DVCs) for organs at risk (OaRs). However, the available recommendations are …