Red blood cells (RBCs) are a specialised organ that enabled the evolution of multicellular
organisms by supplying a sufficient quantity of oxygen to cells that cannot obtain oxygen …

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is common in critically ill, postsurgical, and posttrauma
patients in whom both systemic inflammation and immune suppression are associated with …

Newborn infants are highly susceptible to infection. This defect in host defence has
generally been ascribed to the immaturity of neonatal immune cells; however, the degree of …

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a leading cause of health care–associated infections
(HAIs). These infections can range in severity from nuisance to life threatening; overall, they …

Transfusion‐related immunomodulation (TRIM) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is difficult to
define and likely represents a complicated set of physiologic responses to transfusion …

Objective: To provide a concise review of transfusion-related issues and practices in the
pediatric patient population, with a focus on those issues of particular importance to the care …

Background: Critical injury has been associated with reduction in innate immune function in
adults, with infection risk being related to degree of immune suppression. This relationship …

Most adverse blood transfusion (BT) events are immune-mediated and in the majority of
severe reactions antibodies can be identified as causal factors. Alloimmunization not only …

Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are responsible for many deaths of
hospitalized patients each year. Patients with prolonged hospitalization are at high risk for …

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is considered to be a worldwide issue
along with the development of supportive ventilation. The preventing strategy is of great …