The conceptual evolution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) from being seen as
a simple metabolic cofactor to a pivotal cosubstrate for proteins regulating metabolism and …

Mitochondrial dysfunctions are central players in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition,
impairments in mitophagy, the process of selective mitochondrial degradation by autophagy …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are the primary cause of disabilities in the elderly
people. Growing evidence indicates that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction …

While the elderly segment of the population continues growing in importance,
neurodegenerative diseases increase exponentially. Lifestyle factors such as nutrition …

During evolution, individuals whose brains and bodies functioned well in a fasted state were
successful in acquiring food, enabling their survival and reproduction. With fasting and …

NAD+ has emerged as a vital cofactor that can rewire metabolism, activate sirtuins, and
maintain mitochondrial fitness through mechanisms such as the mitochondrial unfolded …

The NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases of the Sirtuin family regulate various
physiological functions, from energy metabolism to stress responses. The human Sirtuin …

The mammalian kidney relies on abundant mitochondria in the renal tubule to generate
sufficient ATP to provide the energy required for constant reclamation of solutes from crude …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with multiple
predisposing factors and complicated pathogenesis. Aβ peptide is one of the most important …

We survey the historical development of scientific knowledge surrounding Vitamin B3, and
describe the active metabolite forms of Vitamin B3, the pyridine dinucleotides NAD+ and …