Lupus nephritis (LN), a potentially destructive outcome of SLE, is a real challenge in the
management of SLE because of the difficulty in diagnosing its subclinical onset and …

Kidney disease is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE). Despite the improvement in the medical care of SLE in the past two decades, the …

For centuries, physicians have attempted to use the urine for noninvasive assessment of
disease. Today, urinalysis, in particular the measurement of proteinuria, underpins the …

The use of reliable biomarkers is becoming increasingly important for the improved
management of patients with acute and chronic kidney diseases. Recent developments …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical autoimmune disease that can affect
any organ of the body. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to the pathophysiology of …

The search for lupus biomarkers to diagnose, monitor, stratify, and predict individual
response to therapy is currently more intense than ever before. This effort is essential for …

Renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in the form of severe lupus
nephritis is associated with a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. Conventional …

Urine has been in the center of attention among scientists of clinical proteomics in the past
decade, because it is valuable source of proteins and peptides with a relative stable …

Relapses or flares of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are frequent and observed in 27–
66% of patients. SLE flares are defined as an increase in disease activity, in general …

Lupus nephritis is a frequent and serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE), the treatment of which often requires the use of immunosuppressives that can have …