Enzymes are the most proficient catalysts, offering much more competitive processes
compared to chemical catalysts. The number of industrial applications for enzymes has …

Nucleic acid aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA sequences that specifically bind a
cognate ligand. In addition to their widespread use as stand-alone affinity binding reagents …

Single-molecule Förster-resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments allow the study
of biomolecular structure and dynamics in vitro and in vivo. We performed an international …

Understanding the structural mechanisms of protein–ligand binding and their dependence
on protein sequence and conformation is of fundamental importance for biomedical …

Substrate-binding proteins (SBPs) are associated with ATP-binding cassette importers and
switch from an open to a closed conformation upon substrate binding, providing specificity …

Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy is uniquely suited for detecting transient
molecular recognition events, yet achieving the time resolution and statistics needed to …

Interactions between a protein and a ligand are essential to all biological processes. Binding
and dissociation are the two fundamental steps of ligand–protein interactions, and …

Site-directed spin-labeling (SDSL)─ in combination with double electron–electron
resonance (DEER) spectroscopy─ has emerged as a powerful technique for determining …

We present a plasmonic biosensor based on hundreds of individual gold nanorods with
single-molecule sensitivity that are simultaneously monitored in real-time within a dark-field …

The conformational dynamics in ABC transporters is largely elusive. The ABC importer
GlnPQ from Lactococcus lactis has different covalently linked substrate-binding domains …