Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

The content of spermidine and spermine in mammalian cells has important roles in protein
and nucleic acid synthesis and structure, protection from oxidative damage, activity of ion …

Since the 1990s, ionotropic glutamate receptors have served as an outstanding target for
drug discovery research aimed at the discovery of new neurotherapeutic agents. With the …

Kinetics of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) ion channel opening and closing contribute to their
unique role in synaptic signaling. Agonist binding generates free energy to open a canonical …

Kainate receptors (KARs) are L-glutamate-gated ion channels that regulate synaptic
transmission and modulate neuronal circuits. KARs have strict assembly rules and primarily …

One of the major challenges in today's agriculture is to achieve enhanced plant growth and
biomass even under adverse environmental conditions. Recent advancements in genetics …

Highlights•Resting active and desensitized state AMPA and kainate receptor structures.•First
structure of an AMPA receptor TARP complex.•NMDA receptors adopt unexpected …

Highlights•Ca 2+ permeation in iGluR is key to synaptic physiology and pathology.•Non-
pore forming auxiliary subunits in AMPA receptors regulate Ca 2+ influx.•Post-translational …

Calcium-permeable AMPA-type glutamate receptors (CP-AMPARs) contribute to many forms
of synaptic plasticity and pathology. They can be distinguished from GluA2-containing …

Kainate receptors (KARs) are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) channels, a
superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate the majority of excitatory …