The gastrointestinal tract is a specialized organ in which dynamic interactions between host
cells and the complex environment occur in addition to food digestion. Together with the …

It is well-established that the nutritional deficiency or inadequacy can impair immune
functions. Growing evidence suggests that for certain nutrients increased intake above …

The intestinal epithelium forms a highly dynamic and selective barrier that controls
absorption of fluid and solutes while restricting pathogen access to underlying tissues …

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes or neutrophils play a critical role in the maintenance of
intestinal homeostasis. They have elegant defense mechanisms to eliminate microbes that …

The gut mucosal epithelium separates the host from the microbiota, but enteropathogens
such as Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) can invade and breach this barrier. Defenses …

The intestinal epithelium forms a key protective barrier that separates internal organs from
the harmful environment of the gut lumen. Increased permeability of the gut barrier is a …

Epithelial restitution is an essential process that is required to repair barrier function at
mucosal surfaces following injury. Prolonged breaches in epithelial barrier function result in …

Epithelial barriers have to constantly cope with both harmless and harmful stimuli. The
epithelial barrier therefore serves as a dynamic and not static wall to safeguard its proper …

The human gut relies on several cellular and molecular mechanisms to allow for an intact
and dynamical intestinal barrier. Normally, only small amounts of luminal content pass the …

Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes
associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all …