We review the mechanism underlying nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence
quenching (NPQ) and its role in protecting plants against photoinhibition. This review …

Over the last several decades, exploring the pathways to access the triplet excited states of
organic chromophores has been a stimulating area of research. Among the numerous …

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol, 1, Figure 1) is considered the most multifunctional vitamin in the
human body. 1 It plays key roles in many physiological processes such as vision …

The endoperoxides of β-carotene (βCar-EPOs) are regarded as main products of the
chemical deactivation of 1O2 by β-carotene, one of the most important antioxidants …

Time-resolved infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a widely used technique in the investigation of
photoinduced reactions, given its capabilities of providing structural information about the …

In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, chlorophyll triplets are harmful excited states readily
reacting with molecular oxygen to yield the reactive oxygen species (ROS) singlet oxygen …

Photosynthesis in plants starts with the capture of photons by light-harvesting complexes
(LHCs). Structural biology and spectroscopy approaches have led to a map of the …

Abstract Time-resolved (TR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the nanosecond to second
timescale has been extensively used, in the last 30 years, in the study of photosynthetic …

Accumulation of carotenoid (Car) triplet states was investigated by singlet–triplet
annihilation, measured as chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence quenching in sunflower and lettuce …

Photoprotective nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of absorbed solar energy is vital for
survival of photosynthetic organisms, and NPQ modifications significantly improve plant …