Copper slag, generated mainly during copper smelting, and classified as a potentially
harmful waste, is an important secondary resource containing not only valuable metals, such …

The transition to low-carbon economies, advancements in high-tech and rapid uptake of
electronic equipment will see increased demand over the coming decades for so-called …

China's copper resources are characterized by low grade and complex composition. A large
amount of copper smelting slag (CSS) containing valuable elements such as copper and …

Bioleaching (microbial leaching), being an economical and environmental friendly process,
is investigated extensively for metal extraction from secondary solid wastes, viz., electronic …

Chalcopyrite is the primary copper mineral used for production of copper metal. Today, as a
result of rapid industrialization, there has been enormous demand to profitably process the …

The demand on especially clean energy metals is growing exponentially creating a clear
need to diversify the metals supply. Metal recovery from various waste deposits could be …

Copper slag has long been the subject of metal recovery. However, it has become apparent
that copper slag flotation tailings can meet resource requirements under certain …

Lead slag is produced by the primary and secondary lead industry. The large amount of lead
slag discharge causes environmental problems. Reducing the toxicity and increasing …

Mineral biotechnological applications, eg, bioleaching and bio-beneficiation, for waste
treatment and resource recovery have invited due attention owing to their economic and eco …

Smelting activity by its very nature produces large amounts of metal-bearing waste, often
called metallurgical slag (s). In the past, industry used to dispose of these waste products at …