Human male reproductive disorders are common and may have a fetal origin—the testicular
dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis. In rats, experimentally induced TDS disorders …

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a gynaecological hormone-dependent disorder that is
defined by histological lesions generated by the growth of endometrial-like tissue out of the …

Phthalate esters are synthetic chemicals used in the plastic industry as plasticizers and
consumable products. According to United Nations, about 400 million tons of plastic are …

Background Parabens are added to personal care products as antimicrobial preservatives.
They have been suggested to have endocrine disrupting abilities. Prenatal exposure to …

STUDY QUESTION Are maternal plasma concentrations of perfluoroalkyl and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) during pregnancy associated with anogenital distance …

Abstract Background Personal care products (PCPs) contain many different compounds and
are a source of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates …

Context The use of anogenital distance (AGD) in clinical and epidemiological settings is
increasing; however, sex-specific reference data on AGD and data on longitudinal changes …

Abstract Background Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are major brominated flame
retardant (BFR) chemicals with endocrine-disrupting properties. One small-scale study on …

Background Evidence from in vitro and rodent studies suggests that organophosphate
esters (OPEs) may disrupt sex steroid hormone homeostasis, but no human studies, to date …

STUDY QUESTION Is anogenital distance (AGD) associated with semen quality and
reproductive hormones in men from the general population? SUMMARY ANSWER Short …