Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are key sensors of virus
infection, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons and other genes that …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that
play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the …

Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a
crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” …

Pathogen-derived nucleic acids are crucial signals for innate immunity. Despite the
structural similarity between those and host nucleic acids, mammalian cells have been able …

Ubiquitylation is essential for signal transduction as well as cell division and differentiation in
all eukaryotes. Substrate modifications range from a single ubiquitin molecule to complex …

Ubiquitination has emerged as a crucial mechanism that regulates signal transduction in
diverse biological processes, including different aspects of immune functions. Ubiquitination …

The helicase RIG-I initiates an antiviral immune response after recognition of pathogenic
RNA. TRIM25, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I, which is …

OTULIN (OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity) removes linear polyubiquitin
from proteins that have been modified by LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex) …

A role for polyubiquitination in the activation of inhibitor of NF‐κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) through
a proteasome‐independent mechanism was first reported in 1996, but the physiological …

RNA virus infections are detected by the RIG-I family of receptors, which induce type-I
interferons through the mitochondrial protein MAVS. MAVS forms large prion-like polymers …