Existent research shows that affective polarization has been intensifying in some publics,
diminishing in others, and remaining stable in most. We contribute to this debate by …

Affective polarization, a concept that originated in the USA, has increasingly been studied in
Europe's multi-party systems. This form of polarization refers to the extent to which party …

While recent research has shown that supporters and opponents of COVID-19 vaccination
have polarizing political attitudes and beliefs, we lack a thorough understanding of how …

Political campaign activities are increasingly digital. A crucial part of digital campaigning is
communication efforts on social media platforms. As a forum for political discourse and …

Polarization of views (known as ideological polarization) is one of the greatest societal
challenges of our time, potentially sewing distrust and hate among individuals and …

Affective polarization, the extent to which political actors treat each other as disliked
outgroups, is challenging political exchange and deliberation, for example, via mistrust of …

Disturbingly realistic triage scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic provide an opportunity
for studying discrimination in moral reasoning. Biases and favoritism do not need to be …

Immigrant non-citizens are often considered less deserving than citizens of welfare and
other public services. The logic is that valuable and scarce public resources must be limited …

How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected boundaries of solidarity? Human-induced crises
that impose asymmetric costs tend to sharpen pre-existing divides, but natural disasters …

Vaccination against COVID-19 is making progress globally, but vaccine doses remain a rare
commodity in many parts of the world. New virus variants require vaccines to be updated …