This article is based on a consensus conference, which took place in Certosa di Pontignano,
Siena (Italy) on March 7–9, 2008, intended to update the previous safety guidelines for the …

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic
use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until …

Objective Tinnitus is the perception of sound without an external source. More than 50
million people in the United States have reported experiencing tinnitus, resulting in an …

The majority of tinnitus patients are affected by chronic idiopathic tinnitus, and almost 60
different treatment modalities have been reported. The present study is a multidisciplinary …

Keypoints 1. Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) is strictly based on the neurophysiological
model of tinnitus. 2. Tinnitus is a phantom auditory perception, ie perception of tinnitus is not …

Theta-burst Stimulation (TBS) is a novel form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS). Applied over the primary motor cortex it has been successfully used to induce …

Objectives Tinnitus consists of a more or less constant aversive tone or noise and is
associated with excess auditory activation. Transient distortion of this activation (repetitive …

Tinnitus, the auditory phantom percept, is a well-known heterogenous disorder with multiple
subtypes. Researchers and clinicians have tried to classify these subtypes according to …

Background Tinnitus is the perception of sound, in the ear or in the head, in the absence of
any external acoustic stimulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a …

Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus. Tinnitus
is a common and occasionally debilitating medical condition. With an estimated prevalence …