Identifying the general principles by which genotypes are converted into phenotypes
remains a challenge in the post-genomic era. We still lack a predictive understanding of how …

Developmental enhancers integrate graded concentrations of transcription factors (TFs) to
create sharp gene expression boundaries. Here we examine the hunchback P2 (HbP2) …

The versatility of CRISPR-Cas endonucleases as a tool for biomedical research has led to
diverse applications in gene editing, programmable transcriptional control, and nucleic acid …

Quantitative transcription regulation studies in vivo and in vitro often make use of reporter
proteins. Here we show that using Broccoli aptamers, quantitative study of transcription in …

Cooperative protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions form programmable complex
assemblies, often performing non-linear gene regulatory operations involved in signal …

Genes differ in the frequency at which they are expressed and in the form of regulation used
to control their activity. In particular, positive or negative regulation can lead to activation of a …

The origin of an ordered genetic response of a complex and noisy biological cell is
intimately related to the detailed mechanism of protein–DNA interactions present in a wide …

Genetic feedback loops can be used by cells to regulate internal processes or to keep track
of time. It is often thought that, for a genetic circuit to display self-sustained oscillations, a …

The ability of cells to respond to external stimuli, by up and down regulation of genes, is a
key strategy for survival in changing environmental conditions. Models based on equilibrium …

In the field of synthetic biology, genetic engineering techniques are used to create modular
components and novel biological interactions within microorganisms. One example of this is …