Biopolymers are promising environmentally benign materials applicable in multifarious
applications. They are especially favorable in implantable biomedical devices thanks to their …

In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such
as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living …

Three-dimensional bioprinting uses additive manufacturing techniques for the automated
fabrication of hierarchically organized living constructs. The building blocks are often …

Conspectus Nature provides abundant inspiration and elegant paradigms for the
development of smart materials that can actuate, morph, and move on demand. One …

Successful materials design for bone-tissue engineering requires an understanding of the
composition and structure of native bone tissue, as well as appropriate selection of …

Trauma-and disease-related skeletal defects and illnesses are plaguing millions of people
especially in an ageing globe. Recently, the convergence of additive manufacturing (AM) …

Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient
immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

Tissue engineering (TE) is the approach to combine cells with scaffold materials and
appropriate growth factors to regenerate or replace damaged or degenerated tissue or …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …