Inhibiting cell survival and inducing cell death are the main approaches of tumor therapy.
Autophagy plays an important role on intracellular metabolic homeostasis by eliminating …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of ions and molecules, include hydroxyl radicals (·
OH), alkoxyl radicals, superoxide anion (O 2·−), singlet oxygen (1 O 2) and hydrogen …

Induction of cell death and inhibition of cell survival are the main principles of cancer
therapy. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major problem in oncology, which …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality,
accounting for almost 90% of total liver cancer burden. Surgical resection followed by …

Bevacizumab plays an important role in the first and second line treatment for metastatic
colorectal cancer (CRC). And induction of hypoxia and the tumors response to it plays an …

It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will double by the year
2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not …

Autophagy is the process by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomes for
degradation and recycling. There are three different types of autophagy, but …

Distinct metabolic programs, either energy-consuming anabolism or energy-generating
catabolism, were required for different biological functions. Macrophages can adopt different …

Resistance to therapy is one of the prime causes for treatment failure in cancer and recurrent
disease. In recent years, autophagy has emerged as an important cell survival mechanism …

Autophagy is considered a cytoprotective function in cancer therapy under certain conditions
and is a drug resistance mechanism that represents a clinical obstacle to successful cancer …