An oxygen-rich atmosphere is essential for complex animals. The early Earth had an anoxic
atmosphere, and understanding the rise and maintenance of high O2 levels is critical for …

Water plays a critical role in erosion and sediment transport and this relationship is most
evident in the hyperarid Atacama Desert of Northern Chile, a region characterized by …

Abstract The Cambrian 'Explosion', located by many authors between 540 and 520 million
years ago (Ma), is considered to be an abrupt appearance in the fossil record of most animal …

Global cooling has been proposed as a driver of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification
Event, the largest radiation of Phanerozoic marine animal Life. Yet, mechanistic …

A geologically rapid Neoproterozoic oxygenation event is commonly linked to the
appearance of marine animal groups in the fossil record. However, there is still debate about …

Marine redox conditions (that is, oxygen levels) impact a wide array of biogeochemical
cycles, but the main controls of marine redox since the start of the Phanerozoic about 538 …

Marine biodiversity increased markedly during the Ordovician Period (~ 487–443 million
years ago). Some intervals within the Ordovician were associated with unusually rapid and …

Abstract The Ordovician of Scandinavia (ie Denmark, Norway and Sweden) has been
investigated for over two centuries and, through time, various chronostratigraphic schemes …

The oxygen content of ancient seawater has been hypothesized to be a major controlling
factor for biodiversity throughout Earth's history. The Great Ordovician Biodiversification …

Climatic and environmental conditions play a pivotal role in the evolution of the biosphere,
serving as the primary natural factors influencing biological evolution and the development …