Many outer solar system bodies are thought to harbor liquid water oceans beneath their ice
shells. This article first reviews how such oceans are detected. We then discuss how they …

Abstract The MAss Spectrometer for Planetary EXploration (MASPEX) is a high-mass-
resolution, high-sensitivity, multi-bounce time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MBTOF) capable …

Saturn's moon, Enceladus, is a geologically active waterworld. The prevailing paradigm is
that there is a subsurface ocean that erupts to the surface, which leads to the formation of a …

Geophysical measurements can reveal the structures and thermal states of icy ocean
worlds. The interior density, temperature, sound speed, and electrical conductivity thus …

Abstract The Galileo mission to Jupiter revealed that Europa is an ocean world. The Galileo
magnetometer experiment in particular provided strong evidence for a salty subsurface …

Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

Since a key requirement of known life forms is available water (water activity; aw), recent
searches for signatures of past life in terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments have …

Pressures in the hydrospheres of large ocean worlds extend to ranges exceeding those in
Earth deepest oceans. In this regime, dense water ices and other high-pressure phases …

The surface ice of Europa is known to contain high proportions of inorganic material that
could heavily influence the compositional analysis of organic compounds in ejecta ice …

Gibbs energy representations for ices II, III, V, and VI are reported. These were constructed
using new measurements of volumes at high pressure over a range of low temperatures …