Oxidative stress, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are important for innate
immunity against pathogens. ROS directly attack pathogens, regulate and amplify immune …

The 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident
molecular chaperone. GRP78 is a member of the 70 kDa heat shock family of proteins …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major organelle in the cell for protein folding and
plays an important role in cellular functions. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is …

Novel treatment strategies for tuberculosis (TB), such as host-directed therapeutics, may
offer therapeutic options for patients with drug-resistant TB. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) …

Tumor suppressor p53 is not only affects immune responses but also contributes to
antibacterial activity. However, its bactericidal function during mycobacterial infection …

Simple Summary We engineered novel nanoparticles consisting of liposome-encapsulated
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin cell well skeleton (BCG-CWS) for intravesical instillation in …

Apoptosis is an important host defense mechanism against mycobacterial infection.
However, the molecular mechanisms regulating apoptosis during mycobacterial infection …

Ajoene, a garlic-derived sulfur-containing compound, has broad-spectrum antimicrobial
activity. To assess the potential of ajoene for treating tuberculosis (TB), we determined …

Mycobacterium fortuitum (MF), a rapidly growing nontuberculosis mycobacterium, is
recognized as an important human pathogen. We investigated whether the endoplasmic …

Abstract Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor that was first identified
as an immediate early gene in a differential screen for genes induced during the process of …