Many of the scientific and societal challenges in understanding and preparing for global
environmental change rest upon our ability to understand and predict the water cycle …

Although we have an intuitive understanding of the behavior and functions of groundwater in
the Earth's critical zone at the scales of a column (atmosphere‐plant‐soil‐bedrock), along a …

This first paper of the two‐part series describes the objectives of the community efforts in
improving the Noah land surface model (LSM), documents, through mathematical …

The Earth's climate is determined by a number of complex connected physical, chemical and
biological processes occurring in the atmosphere, land and ocean. The radiative properties …

This chapter assesses the capacity of the global climate models used elsewhere in this
report for projecting future climate change. Confidence in model estimates of future climate …

Ambiguities in the representation of environmental processes have manifested themselves
in a plethora of hydrological models, differing in almost every aspect of their …

Abstract The Water Evaluation and Planning Version 21 (WEAP21) Integrated Water
Resource Management (IWRM) model seamlessly integrates water supplies generated …

The past decade has seen significant progress in characterizing uncertainty in
environmental systems models, through statistical treatment of incomplete knowledge …

Groundwater interacts with soil moisture through the exchanges of water between the
unsaturated soil and its underlying aquifer under gravity and capillary forces. Despite its …

The influence of groundwater dynamics on the energy balance at the land surface is studied
using an integrated, distributed watershed modeling platform. This model includes the mass …