For many years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death around
the world. Often associated with CVD are comorbidities such as obesity, abnormal lipid …

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a widespread chronic medical condition with prevalence
bordering on the verge of an epidemic. It is of great concern that cardiovascular disease is …

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing heart failure, and the co-existence of both
diseases worsens cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization, and the progression of heart …

All of the following traditional agents for the management of stable angina pectoris include
the symptomatic treatment with heart rate–lowering agents such as β-blockers or non …

Glycemic control and its benefits in preventing microvascular diabetic complications are
convincingly proved by various prospective trials. Diabetes control and complications trial …

Abstract Cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca 2+] c) is fundamental for regulation of many
cellular processes such metabolism, proliferation, muscle contraction, cell signaling and …

Abstract Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme with esterase activity, and is
physically bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). It plays a key role in the action of HDL …

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with high cardiovascular risk. Carotid intima
media thickness (CIMT) is used commonly as a noninvasive test for the assessment of …

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the myocardial dysfunction that suffers patients with
diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of hypertension and structural heart diseases such as …

Cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality are largely predicted by physical fitness.
Exercise stimulates vascular mitochondrial biogenesis through endothelial nitric oxide …